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There are two diacritics for nasalisation, tippi and bindi, each used in different phonetic contexts.
#Sikhnet gurmukhi font code
Instead vowel-signs are added to one of three consonants that are used only as vowel carriers, however Unicode provides separate code points for all the combinations and deprecates the use of 2 of the carriers. There are no unique shapes for independent vowels. There are 10 independent vowels, one for each vowel sound, including the inherent vowel, and these are used to write all standalone vowel sounds. The inherent vowel is usually not pronounced at the end of a word. All vowel-signs are combining marks, and are stored after the base character. The Punjabi orthography has an inherent vowel, and represents other vowels using 9 vowel-signs, including 1 prescript and no circumgraphs. The repertoire can be extended by applying the nukta diacritic to 5 characters, to represent foreign sounds, particularly for Urdu or Persian. Gurmukhi text runs left to right in horizontal lines. See the table to the right for a brief overview of features for the modern Panjabi orthography. consonants carry an inherent vowel sound that is overridden using vowel signs. It's roots lie in the historical Brahmi script. The current form of Gurmukhi was developed in the 16th century by Guru Angad, successor to the founder of the Sikh religion, Guru Nanak. Muslim speakers of Punjabi in Pakistan use a Persian version of the Arabic script (called shahmukhi). The original Sikh scriptures and most of the historic Sikh literature have also been written in the Gurmukhi script. The Gurmukhi script is used primarily by followers of the Sikh religion in India, where it is the official script of the Punjabi language.